Aluminium-Assisted Alloying of Carbon Steel in Submerged Arc Welding with Al-Cr-Ni Unconstrained Metal Powders: Thermodynamic Interpretation of Gas Reactions

Unconstrained metal powders of chromium and nickel, in combination with aluminium, were used the submerged arc welding (SAW) process to simplify weld alloying. refer non-alloyed that are not constrained tubular wire, such as fluxed-cored metal-cored wire. Aluminium powder is control oxygen potential at molten flux–weld pool interface. The results presented here show addition aluminium enhances Cr Ni yields 89% for 91% Ni, compared lower values reported pre-alloyed application. Alloying carbon steel base plate wire was achieved 6.0% Cr, 6.2% 4.5% Al, controlled 162 ppm O. Thermodynamic analysis applied investigate likely gas reactions cavity emanating from chemical interaction between Al. effects gas-based on yield discussed incorporated into our SAW reaction flow diagram. Overall productivity gains can be accomplished by using unconstrained alloy because expensive time consuming steps, manufacturing alloyed powder, now eliminated.